Ancient Greek Ceramics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient Greek Ceramics - Essay Example The decorations in the so-called marine style, has the dynamic vitality typical of Minoan art. The popularity of the octopus as a decorative motif on Minoan ware can hardly be divorced from the role of the octopus in the Minoan diet and economy. But did it have another purpose Octopus are traditionally caught by lowering a ceramic vessel into the water which the octopus is likely to enter and remain in as a safe lair (Bush and Brewer). Although this jar has too narrow a neck for that purpose, one wonders if the motif did not originate on jars made for just such fishing, the image perhaps as a sort of magic charm. In the Mycenaean period between about 1450 and 1100 BC, the Minoan world came to be dominated by Greek speaking invaders who, however, did not make major changes in the society of Greece as reflected in its physical remains. The pottery of mainland Greece in this period is generally called by archaeologists late Helladic III. Many Mycenaean ceramic pieces imitate the style of Minoan pottery, though usually with an inferior and derivative execution. Others, such as the chariot krater (vessel for mixing wine and water) now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (), have much more in common with later geometric vases and show the beginning of that tradition. This piece, though manufactured in the Argolid (i.e. near Tiryns, Mycenae, Argos, or Corinth) was discovered in a tomb in Cyrus. It uses a light color of clay marked with a dark brown slip. The rendering in relatively crude but shows a definite figurative scene of two chariots being driven (the context, such as a race, or in combat, or just a pairing for symmetry, cannot be determined). But elements like spots used to decorate the figures' clothing, as well as the ox skin that covers the body of the chariot, and the crosshatching on the horses' harness, is becoming abstract. Moreover, a great deal of the otherwise empty surface of the case is taken up with geometric designs completely unrelated to the realistic depiction of space and beginning to serve as abstract geometric representation. In the Geometric period between about 1100 and 800 BC, Greek culture was disrupted by further waves of invaders and every urban center in Greece was destroyed by warfare. Greek culture became illiterate and isolated both from the larger Mediterranean world and within itself as trade and contact between isolated settlements declined. The period is called Geometric because of the abstract, regular character of its decorative arts. No exception among thework of this era is the terracotta centaur from Lekfandi on Euboea (Thomas 1999, 99-100). It shares the geometric decorations of contemporary ceramic vessels. At 36 centimeters high, this is the largest surviving Geometric sculpture. From the point of view of sculpture, the execution is somewhat cartoonish, which features that suggest rather than copy the proportions of the human face and equine body. The painted decoration departs from that of both earlier and later Greek polychroming of sculpture as well as pottery decoration in not r elating in any discernable way to features like the musculature or hair of the centaur (certainly not any form of clothing), but in showing abstract patterning that is meant to add to the decorative value of the piece rather than realistically

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example for Free

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Supply and demand plays a vital role in the economy. Price is the central determinant of both the demand and supply, for example the higher the price of a good or a service the less the product is demanded. In circumstance where the price goes down, demand increases. The response of price and quantity demanded create an inverse relationship between the two. Whereas demand portrays the consumer decision making in purchases, supply is drawn on producer’s willingness to make profit (Parkin, 2002). The overriding factor in determining price elasticity of demand is the willingness and ability of consumers to easily switch from one good to another (substitute goods) in case of any price change. If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source, its supply will also increase making the soybean (substitute) supply and demand to go down. This will force farmers to shift their soybeans farms to produce more corn because of the increasing demand at the market. The total revenue of the suppliers of corn oil will increase because of the increasing demand at the market. This is also because of other determinants of supply like price of the product; a producer (farmer) is always aimed at maximizing his/her profits and minimizing his/her cost thus a rise in price will increase the producer willingness to supply and vice versa. Other factors that are likely to affect the supply of products include tax and technology, a producer aim at maximizes his profit but an increase will raise his expenses. Technology helps a producer in minimizing his cost of production-provided that mass production is possible with technology. Parkin (2002) hints that in a market setting, the law of supply and demand predicts that the price level tends to move toward the point that equalizes the quantity supplied and demanded. Therefore, equilibrium point is created; a point where quantity supplied at the market and quantity demanded at the same market is in balance, where the supply curve crosses the demand curve. At equilibrium, when demand exceeds supply there is excess demand and prices will increase. On the other hand, when supply exceeds demand there is excess supply and prices will decrease. Such instances where supply or demand exceeds one another are very common in the market and will cause shifts in price. But when supply and demand balances, there will be no change in price. The price which makes the supply and demand to balance is referred as market price or equilibrium price. Reference Parkin, M. , Melanie, P. Kent, M. (2002). Economics. Harlow: Addison-Wesley Publisher.

James Baldwin and the Jewish Freedom Riders :: Civil Rights

When the call went out in the summer of 1961 for volunteers to ride buses throughout the South to help integrate public transportation, a large percentage of the people who made a commitment to take on this dangerous assignment were Jews. To be exact, nearly two-thirds of the Freedom Riders were Jewish which is â€Å"quite an amazing feat for a minority which made up less than 2% of the entire American population† (Weinblatt 5). Although Jews and African Americans are two very distinct, and often opposing, cultural groups in our society, the great struggle to end racism in America meshed these two groups tightly together. Their shared motivations, expectations and experiences in dealing with white racists during the civil rights movement are amazingly similar, especially when they are compared in the writings of African American essayist and activist James Baldwin and the personal recollections of the Jewish Freedom Riders. It is important to first discover what the reasons were for these Northerners (Jews and Baldwin) to travel into the South at around the time when the civil rights movement was just beginning to pick up speed. Baldwin decided to return home from Europe and venture into the South because he felt a great sense of guilt and helplessness while reading newspaper accounts about a young black woman who was humiliated and intimidated by white crowds in North Carolina while she was just trying to attend school. He experienced a powerful sense of outrage that â€Å"†¦made me furious, it filled me with both hatred and pity, and it made me ashamed. Some one of us should have been there with her!† (â€Å"Take Me to the Water† 383). Similarly, the young Jewish volunteers were motivated by a sense of moral indignation at the mistreatment of African Americans, feelings based on the persecution that their own cultural group has suffered at the hands of bigots for centuri es. One activist remembers having mixed feelings as he left his mother and wondered what she â€Å"†¦ a refugee from Nazi-occupied Austria, thought as I boarded that train to join the fight for other people's freedom† (Honigsberg 7). It was mainly an overwhelming need to become personally involved, to do their part, in the fight for equal justice that was the driving force for both African Americans like Baldwin and the Jewish Freedom Riders.

Ongkas Big Moka Essay

His moka as the culmination of feasts ending a particularly bitter war Lessons from the Film: *Illustrates the Big Man as hero but also as persuader, not commander *Complexity of competitive feasting, rival Big Men on all sides *The guests are not transformed, they remain enemies or rivals *The huge quantities of goods given away – does it seem strange to you? *Both redistribution and balanced leading to negative reciprocity here. General Notes: *Headmen can only persuade, not order people around. If he pushes too hard, people will not go along with him. *Ongka lives in the men’s house which is communal. He has 4 wives and 9 children. Each wife has her own residence in which she lives with her children. *Cassowary – birds captured in the forest – given in Moka much like the Chinese give pandas to foreign dignitaries *Sweet potatoes are the food of humans and pigs. Food/shelter/clothes/tools come from the gardens and the forest, but to get ahead in life, one must have pigs. *Only 8-10 full grown pigs can be taken care of at a time. so, one must invest in other people’s pigs to gather together enough for a Moka. *Ongka’s great skill is his speech-making abilities. He also has $1800 Australian dollars in a Mt. Hagen Savings Bank from the sale of coffee that comes from the mountains and the Kawelka. *Dressing up for Ongka meant to put on traditional garments, Bird of Paradise feathers, Cassowary feathers, etc. *What do they need money for? False teeth; transportation services; some clothes *Before the Moka, Ongka found an extra wife just because of her capacity for work to help Rumbicore with the pigs for the final Moka. *Riema upset the date for the Moka by saying that he and his group had done sorcery on a neighboring headman that caused him to die suddenly. Some of his pigs were killed and he had to go into hiding. The Moka finally happened and included:Ongka says it is the biggest Moka ever given.

Taxation Issues

Rental income is generally regarded as a non-business source of income which is assessed under Section 4(d) of the Income Tax Act, 1967 ITA. In the case where rent is a section 4(d) source, rent from each property is treated as a separate source of income. However, as a concession, in computing the adjusted income from rent, the properties of the person can be grouped into the following categories: †¢residential properties, †¢commercial properties, and †¢vacant land The date of commencement of renting is on the first day the property is rented out.In the event a rental loss occurs, it becomes a permanent loss because it cannot be set off against other income sources or even other rental income sources. The loss also cannot be carried forward to the subsequent year of assessment. No capital allowance is given for the premise or assets provided to earn the rent. However, expenses incurred wholly and exclusively in earning the rental income are deductible against the rent al income. This includes the replacement or repair or maintenance cost related to the premise and other assets used to earn the rent.Furthermore, rental income can also be assessed as Section 4 (a) Business Income under certain situations. This is evident in The case of Per Lord Diplock in the American Leaf Blending Co Sdn Bhd v DGIR (1950-1985) MTSC 28 ( Privy Council ) is the issue of whether rent is assessable under Section 4(a) or Section 4(d) of Income Tax Act where it was held that although rent is assed under section 4(a) income it can be a business source of income if it is received in the course of carrying on a business of renting out the taxpayer’s property.In order for rental income to be assessed as business income and not investment income, two aspects need to be considered. 1. The number of units of property owned. This consideration however applies only to companies. A company can have its rental income assessed as Section 4(a) business income if it is letting at least †¢4 units of commercial buildings, †¢4 floors of shop houses, †¢4 units of residential properties or †¢Any combinations of 4 units of the type of premises mentioned.If the premise is a special purpose commercial building like a factory, warehouse, office or shopping complex, then the rental income from these premises can be assessed as business income even if the company is only renting out one premise. This is supported by the case of American Leaf Blending Co. Sdn. Bhd v Director General of Inland Revenue where it was held that an individual who receives rental income may not necessarily be doing a business.However, a company is created with the aim of making a profit for its shareholders and anything that a company does with its assets with the purpose of making a profit would amount to carrying on a business even though it is not the core operation of the company. 2. Active ancillary or support services are being provided to the tenants by the owner . This term specifically applies to non-company taxpayers without regard to the number of units of property they rent out.The taxpayer who is the owner of the premise is required to actively provide services such as security guard, air conditioning system, and supply of hot water, escalator, lift, recreational facilities and cleaning and maintenance of common property. It is important that these services are procured, managed or supplied by the taxpayer and not passively or incidentally derived from the lease of the property where the management corporation of the premise provides such services and not the owner.In the event that rental income is assessed as 4(a) business income, it will be aggregated for all properties as one source of income. Capital allowance or industrial building allowance will be given to be set off against the total rental income from all premises. In the case of River Estates Sdn Bhd v Director-General of Inland Revenue it was held that ‘The statute re cognises the existence of a source consisting of a business and the situation that a taxpayer can have more than one source consisting of a business’.It establishes that a business can have more than one source of income that will be grouped together and will be given capital allowance. Expenses that are incurred wholly and exclusively can also be deducted from the income. If a loss is sustained in the current year of assessment, it can be carried forward to the next year of assessment to be set off from that year’s income or be set off against other income in the current year if there are any. The date of commencement will be the date the premise is available for letting.

Lemonade stand business performance

Lemonade stand business performance Various financial statements are used in the analysis of business performance. These include the balance sheet, income statement and the cash flow statements (Woolridge Gray, 2006). These statements are used to reflect various aspects of business performance, including calculation of key ratios that are used to evaluate performance of a business entity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lemonade stand business performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An income statement makes available an entities revenues and expenses for a given duration and hence its serves as a basic measure of profitability (Carl, 2008). On the other hand, a balance sheet shows an entities assets portfolio and hence reflects the business liquidity position. The cash flow statement shows the businesses’ cash spending and hence reflects the cash available for use by the business at any given time. The Lemonade case falls under f ast-food restaurant and as such to evaluate its actual financial performance, it is wise to insider its performance to that of other players within the industry. This report compares the Lemonade stand business against Green tree Mall fast food restaurant, a fast growing fast food restaurant that has been able to record god financial results over the last three years. The choice of Green tree Mall restaurant is largely motivated by its astounding financial performance over the last five years, making it a leading player in the industry. In its last quarter, the fast-food restaurant recorded 42% profit, with a return on equity and return on assets of 56% and 52% respectively. Its outstanding performance is reflected by its large profitability ratio (62%). The current ratio of 5.12 while debt to equity ratio of 1.14. The results were far beyond the industry’s debt to equity ratio of 0.85 and a current ratio of 4.80. This positions the fast-food restaurant as the industrys bench mark of performance excellence. However, this is not the focus of this paper. Green tree Mall fast food restaurant will only be used as a benchmark measure of the performance of Lemonade stand business. The performance of the Lemonade stand presented in this report, is a continuation of its first season’s performance. An additional comparison is made between its first season’s performance and second season’s performance. The performance is shown by the income statement, the balance sheet, and the financaila ratios indicating the businesses’ performance. See below: Table 1: Income statement year 1 and year 2Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Year 1 Year 2 Revenues 184.10 314.56 Less: Expenses 62.22 86.58 Net-Income 121.88 227.98 Year 1 and year 2 results reveal a rise in spending as well as revenue from year 1 to year 2. This shows that the businesses generated more income and expenses during the second season. Balance Sheet Assets: Year 1 Year 2 Cash 184.10 314.56 Inventories 3.03 5.6 Equipment 9.00 12.12 Total Assets 196.13 332.28 Liabilities Accounts Payable 34.25 44.25 Total Liabilities 34.25 44.25 Equity Owners Capital 40.00 161.88 Retained Earnings 121.88 126.15 Total Equity 161.88 288.03 Total Liabilities Owners Equity 196.13 332.28 The balance also reveals that the businesses’ assets and liability portfolios grew from year one to two. Assets grew from $196.13 to $ 332.28, while liabilities similarly grew from $34.25 and $44.25. The business also grew its owner’s capital from $40 to $161.88. This is mainly attributed to the fact that no dividends were issued and instated all the earnings for the previous year were retained into the business. To better evaluate the business performance a comparison is made between its first season and the second season. This is best accomplished with the help of financial ratios shown in the table below: Â  Season1 Season 2 Return on equity 75% 79% Return on Assets 62% 69% Profitability ratio 66% 72% Current Ratio 5.46 7.24 Debt to equity ratios 1.21 1.15 The return on equity grew from 75% to 79%. This indicates that the owners earning from their capital investment also grew. While in the previous season, the owners accumulated 75 cents for every dollar they invested, in the current season, each owner accumulated 79 cents for their equity owning. Similarly, the return yielded by assets grew marginally. For each dollar worth of an asset, 72 cents were yielded as compared to the provision year where a dollar worth of an asset’s yielded 66 cents. The businesses’ profitability ratio also grew from 66% to 72% indicating that for each invested dollar, a 72 cents profit was accumulated. The current ratio also grew from 5.46, during the previous season to 7.2 4 during the current season indicating that the businesses was more able to generate cash to pay for its operations. However, the businesses’ ability to pay for its long-term liabilities dropped from 1.21 to 1.15. The decline is however, a positive results considering that lenders often prefer a low debt to equity ratio (Erich, 2001). The debt to equity ratio acts a measurement of the relationship between capital contributed by the business owners and that contributed by the creditors. Additionally, the ratio shows the extent to which the capital input by shareholders can business can meet its responsibilities to the creditors when a business is liquidated.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lemonade stand business performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In relation to the industries performance, the lemonade business performed astonishingly better exceeding even the performance of the selected ben chmark industry player. While the benchmark industry player retuned a profitability of 42%, earnings its shareholders 56 cents and 52 cents for every dollar worth of owners equity and assets, the lemonade stand business earned its owners’ equity and asset portfolio 79 cents and 72 cents for every dollar respectively. The performance of the business can therefore be summarized as growing over time and has been able to ward off competition from similar products offered by its competitors. In conclusion, it’s important to mention that the performance of the businesses not only grew within its own operations but also recorded very positive results compared to the industries performance. This indicates that the strategic approach adopted by the entrepreneurs has been successfully in ensuring that spending is controlled in a manner that works positively towards the businesses success. Additionally, the performance could be attributed to the businesses pricing strategy and re sponse to the varying weather conditions as key determinants to the clients purchasing trends. Positively identifying the factors that clients consider in order to purchase the products is crucial to the success of the business, and seemingly, this is an aspect that the business managers have been able to successfully manage. In general, the strategic objective adopted by the business managers has yielded positive results and has seen the business performance astonishingly well compared to other players in the industry. References Carl, W. (2008). Survey of Accounting. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publication. pp. 128–132. Erich, H. (2001). The Nature of Financial Statements: The Income Statement. Financial Analysis Tools and Techniques A Guide for Managers. London: McGraw-Hill. p. 40.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Woolridge, J. R. Gray, G. (2006). Applied Principles of Finance. London: McGraw Hill.

News Review Example

News Review Example News Review – Article Example Obama calls preliminary deal with Iran Our Best Bet- from New York Times In the recent past there have been calls and movesby the global community to curb the upsurge of assemble of nuclear weapons by the Iran. The world or the United Nations has in the past threatened Iran and indeed effected bans and sanctions against Iran on the purported nuclear weapons and armory collection. However, the surge of other countries and neighboring nations such as Israel have increased their participation and interest in the issue of nuclear expansion in Iran. Obama has since called the renewed surge by the global partners, the best shot and chance of curbing or dealing with the menace of Iran. In principle, Israel has also warned that it would invoke or initiate military actions on top of monitoring measures to curb the threat or surge of nuclear weapons by Iran. Question: qualitative possibility of improvement on the success of monitoring Iran nuclear plans by USA and Israel:Obama has since termed the move to join the current move and aim by Israel as the best move in ensuring that the endeavor by Iran to assemble nuclear weapons is defeated. This is so because the U.S cannot afford another military incursion into Iran on such claims and secondly, the sanction by the United Nations Security Council do not yield fruits (Shultz et al 6). In principle, the United States would be better placed to rally behind Israel who are perennial rivals with Iran and instead offer their support to ensure the nuclear plants are monitored. Similarly, it is in the best interest of the United States and the global community to have eyes in the procurement process used by Iran in the nuclear plant. The graph below shows the qualitative likelihood of success of the joint supervision and mission in Iran nuclear supervisionReferencenytimes.com/2015/04/06/world/middleeast/obama-strongly-defends-iran-nuclear-deal.Shultz, George P., et al. "A world free of nuclear weapons." Wall Street Journal 4 (2007) : A15. News Review Example News Review – Article Example News Review Article Discussed: More unemployed youths? IBGS, WSJ, 15/04 this article discusses the effect of unemployment to the economic status of Brazil. This is important because Brazil is a middle income economy with several dynamism in economic growth and unemployment rate slightly higher that its counterparts. Unemployment is increasing steadily and economic conditions are worsening. The rate of unemployment has almost tripled in the recent year with a slight decrease in rate of unemployment. Since population is the main determinant of consumption, unemployment has led to slow rate of consumption thus slow rate of economic growth.Question: use the model of regression analyze to determine the relationship between economic development and rate of unemployment. Be sure to highlight all the relevant drivers of unemployment and economic development. Answer Key: the graph below indicate the relationship of unemployment and economic development. As the rate of unemployment increase, t he rate of slow economic development also increases. The key determinant of slow economic development is the level of GDP while the key determinant of unemployment is low consumption caused by low expenditure. As the rate of unemployment increases, the rate of expenditure will reduce thus lowering consumption rate. This in turn lower the rate of GDP and thus slow economic growth.The graph below represent the above case.Graph of rate of unemployment and economic development

Biography of William Halsey Jr., U.S. Fleet Admiral

Biography of William Halsey Jr., U.S. Fleet Admiral William Halsey Jr. (October 30, 1882–August 16, 1959) was an American naval commander who achieved fame for his service during World War II. He played an important role in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle of the war. Halsey was made a U.S. fleet admiral- the highest rank for naval officers- in December 1945. Fast Facts: William Halsey Jr. Known For: Halsey was a leading U.S. Navy commander during World War II.Also Known As: Bull HalseyBorn: October 30, 1882 in Elizabeth, New JerseyDied: August 16, 1959 in Fishers Island, New YorkEducation: University of Virginia, United States Naval AcademySpouse: Frances Cooke Grandy (m. 1909–1959)Children: Margaret, William Early Life William Frederick Halsey, Jr. was born on October 30, 1882, in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The son of U.S. Navy Captain William Halsey, he spent his early years in Coronado and Vallejo, California. Raised on his fathers sea stories, Halsey decided to attend the U.S. Naval Academy. After waiting two years for an appointment, he decided to study medicine and followed his friend Karl Osterhause to the University of Virginia, where he pursued his studies with the goal of entering the Navy as a doctor. After his first year in Charlottesville, Halsey finally received his appointment and entered the academy in 1900. While he was not a gifted student, he was a skilled athlete and active in numerous academic clubs. Playing halfback on the football team, Halsey was recognized with the Thompson Trophy Cup as the midshipman who had done most during the year for the promotion of athletics. After graduating in 1904, Halsey joined the USS Missouri  and was later transferred to the USS Don Juan de Austria in December 1905. Having completed the two years of sea time required by federal law, he was commissioned as an ensign on February 2, 1906. The following year, he served aboard the battleship USS Kansas as it took part in the cruise of the Great White Fleet. Promoted directly to lieutenant on February 2, 1909, Halsey was one of a few ensigns who skipped the rank of lieutenant (junior grade). Following this promotion, Halsey began a long series of command assignments aboard torpedo boats and destroyers beginning with the USS DuPont. World War I After commanding the destroyers Lamson, Flusser, and Jarvis, Halsey went ashore in 1915 for a two-year stint in the Executive Department of the Naval Academy. During this time he was promoted to lieutenant commander. With the U.S. entry into World War I, he took command of the USS Benham in February 1918 and sailed with the Queenstown Destroyer Force. In May, Halsey assumed command of the USS Shaw and continued to operate from Ireland. For his service during the conflict, he earned the Navy Cross. After he was ordered home in August 1918, Halsey oversaw the completion and commissioning of the USS Yarnell. He remained in destroyers until 1921 and ultimately commanded Destroyer Divisions 32 and 15. After a brief assignment in the Office of Naval Intelligence, Halsey, now a commander, was sent to Berlin as the U.S. Naval Attachà © in 1922. Interwar Years Halsey later returned to sea service, commanding the destroyers USS Dale and USS Osborne in European waters until 1927, when he was promoted to captain. Following a one-year tour as executive officer of the USS Wyoming, Halsey returned to the Naval Academy, where he served until 1930. He led Destroyer Division Three through 1932, when he was sent to the Naval War College. In 1934, Rear Admiral Ernest J. King, the head of the Bureau of Aeronautics, offered Halsey command of the carrier USS Saratoga. At this time, officers selected for carrier command were required to have aviation training and King recommended that Halsey complete the course for aerial observers, as it would fulfill the requirement. Halsey instead elected to take the full 12-week Naval Aviator (pilot) course rather than the simpler aerial observer program. In justifying this decision, he later said, I thought it better to be able to fly the aircraft itself than to just sit back and be at the mercy of the pilot. Halsey earned his wings on May 15, 1935, becoming the oldest individual, at age 52, to complete the course. With his flight qualification secured, he took command of the Saratoga later that year. In 1937, Halsey went ashore as the commander of Naval Air Station, Pensacola. Marked as one of the U.S. Navys top carrier commanders, he was promoted to rear admiral on March 1, 1938. Taking command of Carrier Division 2, Halsey hoisted his flag aboard the new carrier USS Yorktown. World War II After leading Carrier Division 2 and Carrier Division 1, Halsey became Commander of Aircraft Battle Force with the rank of vice admiral in 1940. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entry into World War II, Halsey found himself at sea aboard his flagship USS Enterprise. Upon learning of the attack he remarked, Before were through with em, the Japanese language will only be spoken in hell. In February 1942, Halsey led one of the first American counterattacks of the conflict when he took Enterprise and Yorktown on a raid through the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. Two months later, in April 1942, Halsey led Task Force 16 to within 800 miles of Japan to launch the famed Doolittle Raid. By this time, Halsey- known as Bull to his men- adopted the slogan Hit hard, hit fast, hit often. After returning from the Doolittle mission, he missed the critical Battle of Midway due to a severe case of psoriasis. Later, he led Allied naval forces to victory in the Guadalcanal Campaign. In June 1944, Halsey was given command of the U.S. Third Fleet. That September, his ships provided cover for the landings on Peleliu, before embarking on a series of damaging raids on Okinawa and Formosa. In late October, the Third Fleet was assigned to provide cover for the landings on Leyte and to support Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaids Seventh Fleet. Battle of Leyte Gulf Desperate to block the Allied invasion of the Philippines, the commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, devised a daring plan that called for most of his remaining ships to attack the landing force. To distract Halsey, Toyoda sent his remaining carriers, under Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa, to the north with the goal of drawing the Allied carriers away from Leyte. In the resulting Battle of Leyte Gulf, Halsey and Kinkaid won victories on October 23 and 24 over the attacking Japanese surface ships. Late on the 24th, Halseys scouts sighted Ozawas carriers. Believing Kuritas force to have been defeated, Halsey elected to pursue Ozawa without properly informing Nimitz or Kinkaid of his intentions. The next day, his planes succeeded in crushing Ozawas force, but due to his pursuit he was out of position to support the invasion fleet. Unknown to Halsey, Kurita had reversed course and resumed his advance toward Leyte. In the resulting Battle of Samar, Allied destroyers and escort carriers fought a valiant battle against Kuritas heavy ships. Alerted to the critical situation, Halsey turned his ships south and made a high-speed run back toward Leyte. The situation was saved when Kurita retreated of his own accord after becoming concerned about the possibility of an aerial attack from Halseys carriers. Despite the stunning Allied successes in the battles around Leyte, Halseys failure to clearly communicate his intentions and his leaving the invasion fleet unprotected damaged his reputation in some circles. Final Campaigns Halseys reputation was again damaged in December when Task Force 38, part of the Third Fleet, was hit by Typhoon Cobra while conducting operations off the Philippines. Rather than avoid the storm, Halsey remained on station and lost three destroyers, 146 aircraft, and 790 men to the weather. In addition, many ships were badly damaged. A subsequent court of inquiry found that Halsey had erred, but did not recommend any punitive action. In January 1945, Halsey turned the Third Fleet over to Spruance for the Okinawa Campaign. Resuming command in late May, Halsey made a series of carrier attacks against the Japanese home islands. During this time, he again sailed through a typhoon, though no ships were lost. A court of inquiry recommended that he be reassigned; however, Nimitz overruled the judgment and allowed Halsey to keep his post. Halseys last attack came on August 13, and he was aboard the USS Missouri when the Japanese surrendered on September 2. Death Following the war, Halsey was promoted to fleet admiral on December 11, 1945, and assigned to special duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. He retired on March 1, 1947, and worked in business until 1957. Halsey died on August 16, 1959, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Legacy Halsey was one of the highest-ranking officers in U.S. naval history. He accumulated numerous honors, including the Navy Cross, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the National Defense Service Medal. The USS Halsey was named in his honor.

Social Networking Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Networking Sites - Essay Example With the increasing use of technology, it has become more acceptable for individuals across the globe who share common interests to interact online and discuss their subject of interest. I love collecting stamps, but most of the friends within my inner circle before I joined Facebook were not similarly inclined. Although they would pass on stamps to me to add to my collection, they were not in the least interested in discussing them. When I joined Facebook however, I was able to contact other people who were also interested in stamp collection and were as passionate about it as I was. My contact with them was not restricted by my geographical location, because the world wide web allowed me the opportunity to make contacts with people I would never have been able to connect with otherwise. The best part of it was that I could interact with these people free of cost, without needing to pay large sums of money to travel long distances for meetings. Facebook also provided me a forum to e xchange stamps and get new ones I did not have in my collection. My friends on Facebook were quite willing to send me their extra stamps in exchange for some of mine and this was a mutually beneficial arrangement. Entering into new relationships on social networking sites however, also has its negative aspects. One example of this is online dating sites. They provide the opportunity to make lots of contacts, hence there is an excellent chance to connect with a love interest, but there are also some significant disadvantages. At the outset, most dating sites are paid ones, therefore they are expensive to use. Secondly, there are also safety concerns that are associated with using such social networking sites. The online interaction with the individual in question occurs on the basis of photographs exchanged over the web, which might not necessarily represent what

Applying Theory to Practice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applying Theory to Practice - Research Paper Example For more than 20 years , critical thinking has been put forward to emphasize on nursing practice and education (Cody , 2002) . Science based nursing practice is utilized in effective delivery of nursing care. Models of nursing practice provide the nursing knowledge framework in the provision of theory based care. (Burretti, 1988). A good foundation for nursing can be created and further be broadened by applying a theory in nursing practice (Karnick, 2008). Jean Watson is a nurse theorist whose cardinal focus is based on human caring. Watson’s (2008) theory of human caring is broadly applied in nursing practice nursing in its knowledge acquisition and application in practice is identified as a science of caring which has a philosophical and ethical implications. The humanity of a nurse embraces the humanity of others in order to preserve and maintain the dignity one of one’s self being and that of others under the same care. This implies that human beings are connected t o one another in caring process. It also implies that in a transpersonal caring relationship, a holistic approach is used (Watson, 1992). OVERVIEW OF WATSON’S CARING THEORY Watson was born in 1940 in West Virginia and grew in as extended family setup (Tomey & Alligood , 2006). At the University of Colorado, she became dean of the school of Nursing and later at the same university, she became a well known professor. Watson established the center for Human Caring, which she served as the director, in Colorado. She also started the nursing doctoral program at the University of Colorado (Margaret Jean, 1997) . Derived from personal beliefs, Values and experiences. Watson established the Theory of Human caring which formed part of her doctoral studies. In her educational background , she earned her undergraduate degree in nursing and psychology and health nursing from University of Colorado from where she also earned her Doctorate degree in educational psychology and counseling . Dr. Watson is a fellow in the American Academy of nursing. She has national and international honors. Most of her publications describing her theory and philosophy of human caring are studied by nurses in most parts of the world. According to Watson (2001)

Americas Executive Document 9066 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Americas Executive Document 9066 - Assignment Example In a few months, over 110,000 (over 65 percent) were relocated to the internment camps, which were constructed and dispersed in Arizona, California and other states in the western side. There was a special provision for those who were half cast; the American women married to Japanese men had an option to go to the internment camps with their husbands (Harrison). Question 3 The executive order 9066 was unconstitutional and violated several rights due to American citizens. Their right to religion was adversely violated. The practice of Buddhism was prohibited in the internment camps, and there was no placement of Buddhist clergies in the separate camps. The Shinto religion was restricted and Christianity proclaimed and encouraged in the internment camps. Their freedom of speech and press was also contravened with the banning of Japanese speaking in public and the prohibition of reading newspapers in the camp. The formal language they were expected to speak was English only in public me etings. Breaching their right to assemble, they abolished to do groupings or congregations. Their freedom to petition was not guaranteed, they were, therefore, unable to seek redress. They faced unreasonable seizures and searches. Their right to the indictment was also contravened. Many other rights and freedoms were abridged. Question 2 A multiplicity of issues led to the federal government’s intervention into civil rights. ... The exact time span for this movement is debatable but it is common knowledge that key events occurred between the 1950s and 1960s. In 1954, there was a ruling in the Supreme Court against racial segregation amongst students in publicly owned schools. Question 3 The year 1957 saw Arkansas’ governor in a bid to stop nine African American students from joining a high school. The sitting president that time ordered federal officials to enforce the court order. The black’s right to vote was protected by the civil rights act of 1957. The year 1960 saw President J. F. Kennedy intervening to ensure the safety of a group of citizens. These citizens were casualties of the segregation in interstate train and bus stations. Question 4 About ten percent of Mexican nationals live and work in the United States. Immigration policy has been an issue in Congress for a long time. One of the policies was to strengthen migration and border security control. This policy was aimed at deterrin g and preventing the levels of illegal migrations into the United States. Devised in 1995 and published in 2005, its implementation has been strategic and stepwise. It has included fencing, surveillance and strategically positioned personnel. Another policy was on changing the LPR and non-immigrant visa systems. There was also a policy to legalize certain unauthorized aliens. Many of these options would establish new mechanisms or pathways, with Mexicans being among the largest group of beneficiaries of most such proposals.  Ã‚  

A Quantitative Comparison of Academic Achievement In New York City Dissertation

A Quantitative Comparison of Academic Achievement In New York City Public Schools vs. New York City Charter Schools As Measured By 2009 - 2010 New York State ELA And Math Exams - Dissertation Example The intention of this study are charter schools - the public schools that operate independently of the district board of education, making them a one-school public school district. They have their own charters written by private individuals: parents, educators, community leaders that enumerate their laws, governance structure and principles. This autonomous setup results in bigger accountabilities for the school. Because of this autonomy and â€Å"customized† curricula, many people believe that charter schools are far more beneficial to children, as compared to public schools. People also believe that charter schools provide better services because of the high standards they set for themselves. There are studies that compare the effectiveness of public schools versus charter schools. However, they differ in their findings. The growing appreciation for the potential benefits of quality educational programs has strengthened funding agencies’ and policy makers’ comm itment to ensuring all families have access to programming that can support and enhance children’s development, growth, and learning. These benefits can be realized, however, only in high-quality programs with characteristics linked to positive outcomes for children. However, deciding whether a public or charter school will best suit the needs of the child can be a harrowing and difficult decision for parents to make and requires a method for determining which scholastic institution will provide the best educational experience for the child. The establishment of a stable formula for measuring the academic achievement of the students from public schools and charter schools is needed. According to research conducted by Lubienski and Lubienski (2006

Management Functions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Functions - Assignment Example It has refocused on offering low prices for their products, improved the mix of merchandise sold, and provided friendlier and quick customer service. The secret to this was the organization culture introduced by the company that encourages teamwork. Teams in the company get together to discuss performance and to help each other with the goals of improving performance (Barnaro, 2005). Staffing Staffing deals with managing the structure of the organization that ensures putting the right man on the right job. â€Å"Staffing involves managing the structures of the organization through doing proper selection, appraisals and personnel development to fill roles designed in the organization’s structure.† (George & Jerry, 1999, p.74). staffing includes manpower planning, recruitment and selection, training and development,compensation,performance appraisal and promotions and transfers.walmart ensures that it recruits employees who have the right qualifications for the positions that they hold.walmart also encourages diversity at the workplace by employing staff from different cultural backgrounds and minority groups. The company has Latinos, African-Americans, Asians and people with disability.walmart have over 1000 employees in their retail outlets in the U.S market. Controlling Controlling is the measurement of goals that have been accomplished against the set standards and correction of deviations that have occurred if any, to ensure organizational goals are achieved. Controlling is done to ensure that everything confirms to standards and having an effective system of control that can help in predicting deviations before they occur. controlling involves steps which include establishment of standard performance, measurement of actual performance,... This essay discusses the field of management, that is a process that involves several steps which starts with scanning the environment to analyze external threats facing the organization. This could be economic conditions, customers or competitors. Planning considers available and prospective physical and human resources in the organization in order to get effective contribution, coordination and perfect adjustment. in ensuring that they achieve their goal of developing cost structures that would enable the organization offer low prices,wal-mart strategies on replenishing their inventory using cross docking logistics technique. With this technique products are got from suppliers to wal-mart warehouses, they are then shipped to store in the shortest time period possible. The researcher mentions that Troy argues that Wal-Mart has concentrated on developing and advancing a highly structured supply chain management to enhance their competitive advantage in the market. These functions of planning,staffing,controlling,organizing and directing helps in achieving group goals, ensures optimum utilization of resources and reduces costs through minimum input by proper planning and using minimum input and getting maximum output. In conclusion, it could be stated that they help in establishing a sound organization, establishing equilibrium and they are essentials’ for prosperity of society, in that efficient management leads to better economic production which increases the welfare of the people.

Poor Management and Insufficient Funding as Roots of Business Failure Assignment

Poor Management and Insufficient Funding as Roots of Business Failure - Assignment Example Risk management is of great significance for hedging financial risks as well as hedging underlying economic activities. It is through proper trade that goods produced in particular places are equitably distributed among users. With the help of trade goods are made available to consumers at the time of their need. It removes the hindrance of persons by bringing together producers and consumers who are widely scattered.Advantages of risk management are outlined below:- It enables the insurers to concentrate on their production activities; otherwise, they would have to go in search of insurance companies for goods they produce.- Trade makes goods available to consumers who can concentrate on their own occupations.   - It results in specialization and large-scale production as the markets are now spread over wide territories. Sale of insured goods from one country and purchase of goods from other countries.- It provides avenues of employment to various persons.It increases the standard of living of people as they can avail of goods of various kinds produces by different producers.  Risk management involves financing. Financing is of two types, equity financing, and debt financing. When you are in need of money or looking for capital, the company’s debt-to-equity-ratio should be considered. It is the relations between the Dollars or Euros that an entrepreneur has borrowed and Dollars or Euros invested in the business. The more the investment by the owners the more they attract the financing.When the equity to debt ratio of the firm is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should incre ase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize the firm’s survival.

Management Functions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Functions - Assignment Example It has refocused on offering low prices for their products, improved the mix of merchandise sold, and provided friendlier and quick customer service. The secret to this was the organization culture introduced by the company that encourages teamwork. Teams in the company get together to discuss performance and to help each other with the goals of improving performance (Barnaro, 2005). Staffing Staffing deals with managing the structure of the organization that ensures putting the right man on the right job. â€Å"Staffing involves managing the structures of the organization through doing proper selection, appraisals and personnel development to fill roles designed in the organization’s structure.† (George & Jerry, 1999, p.74). staffing includes manpower planning, recruitment and selection, training and development,compensation,performance appraisal and promotions and transfers.walmart ensures that it recruits employees who have the right qualifications for the positions that they hold.walmart also encourages diversity at the workplace by employing staff from different cultural backgrounds and minority groups. The company has Latinos, African-Americans, Asians and people with disability.walmart have over 1000 employees in their retail outlets in the U.S market. Controlling Controlling is the measurement of goals that have been accomplished against the set standards and correction of deviations that have occurred if any, to ensure organizational goals are achieved. Controlling is done to ensure that everything confirms to standards and having an effective system of control that can help in predicting deviations before they occur. controlling involves steps which include establishment of standard performance, measurement of actual performance,... This essay discusses the field of management, that is a process that involves several steps which starts with scanning the environment to analyze external threats facing the organization. This could be economic conditions, customers or competitors. Planning considers available and prospective physical and human resources in the organization in order to get effective contribution, coordination and perfect adjustment. in ensuring that they achieve their goal of developing cost structures that would enable the organization offer low prices,wal-mart strategies on replenishing their inventory using cross docking logistics technique. With this technique products are got from suppliers to wal-mart warehouses, they are then shipped to store in the shortest time period possible. The researcher mentions that Troy argues that Wal-Mart has concentrated on developing and advancing a highly structured supply chain management to enhance their competitive advantage in the market. These functions of planning,staffing,controlling,organizing and directing helps in achieving group goals, ensures optimum utilization of resources and reduces costs through minimum input by proper planning and using minimum input and getting maximum output. In conclusion, it could be stated that they help in establishing a sound organization, establishing equilibrium and they are essentials’ for prosperity of society, in that efficient management leads to better economic production which increases the welfare of the people.

What Principles of Time and Stress Management are Violated by Chet Assignment - 1

What Principles of Time and Stress Management are Violated by Chet - Assignment Example Chet is more focused on how effective he was during that day forgetting that an effective manager should have results for what he has done during the day. Indeed he is a manager who has studied his work habits, a very crucial step to determine his strengths and weaknesses but his work habits survey is mainly based on time management and not the results. As a manager, he should be more concerned with performing top-level management functions which will include long-term decisions planning and delegate the other duties to middle and first line management. The structure of management in Chet’s company has a major role to play in his shortcomings, there doesn’t seem to be a defined middle level and supervisory branch this is seen when the pressmen report directly to him instead of reporting to a foreman Carl Jung in his trait theory categorizes people into type A and type B in relation to their ability to handle stress. Type A personalities when in a managerial post tend to not trust their subordinates to handle anything so they do it all themselves. This leads to them being stressed because they have too much work to handle all at once. Chet, in this case, is a type A personality. The second aspect of his personality is that he anticipates stress and does not have a procedure to handle them he instead faces them head-on. This increases his level of stress and negatively affects his ability to make the sound judgment on what’s important and what’s urgent. Chet should, in this case, adopt type B personality. This personality when in a management post according to Carl Jung is one who is good at delegating duties to his subordinates, he focuses only on important aspects of the institution leaving the rest to be sorted by middle or first line management. He should try as much as possible to delegate the trivial duties to other employees.

Crisis situation Essay Example for Free

Crisis situation Essay Crisis situation happens in an unpredicted manner from which the instinctive response necessitates methodical actions to firstly prevent and secondly to recover from the magnitude of impact. But how come a crisis situation can be instantly managed at the spontaneity of incident and nick of time? This reverberating question could be the unspoken words of victims and survivors in the carnage of terrorist attack to the US soil on September 11th 2001 when the world was shocked of the great US tragedy. The crisis situation inevitably slipped beyond the US homeland security defense measures but to face the bleak reality and act for emergency management. This paper will discuss the momentous fate of the victims in the 9/11 tragedy, relating how fast, determined and methodical the emergency management have been engaged. Discussions Overview Based on the documentaries, it was about 8:46 am at the busy business district of New York City began the fateful day that doomed the twin towers of the World Trade Center as the great symbol of American power. The American Airlines Flight 11 was high jacked by unknown numbers of terrorists and purposely crashed to the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The gruesome landing instantaneously put ablaze the higher level floors and became an inferno as the airplane’s fuels exploded and oozed out throughout the building. As reported by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (NCTAUS), the 911 Police Emergency Dial System was flooded with a lot of calls from eyewitness accounts. They were able to properly identify the target of the terrorist act. Response teams were mobilized within 5 seconds after the crash. The New York Police Department called for Mobilization Level 4. Immediately, 22 lieutenants, 100 sergeants and 800 police officers were dispatched to the scene of the crime. In a span of 17 minutes, what boils down as the largest search and rescue mission in the history of New York City, was dispatched (NCTAUS, 2004). The illustration below shows the flaming towers of WTC: Source: National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (2001) According to the report, another American Airlines plane was rerouted to the World Trade Center’s South Tower as everyone thought that the attack was over. The crash intensified the woes of the rescuers, although the magnitude of the damage was not as great as that of the North Tower. As cited, â€Å"Stairwell A† was still passable from the 91st floor while a hundred of people were caught in the 78th floor of the building waiting for evacuation to begin. They tried to squeeze themselves into the already filled up express elevators but to no avail. As time passed by, the number of injuries and deaths continued to rise due to suffocation and psychological stress. Only those who were still conscious and alert were able to reach first the World Trade Center complex exits upon guidance of the evacuators (NCTAUS, 2004). Meanwhile, rescue operations went into full blast with the New York City Fire Department, the police department, and personnel from the ports authority who jointly managed the emergency response. Illustration below shows the aftermath of the â€Å"towering inferno†: Source: National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (2001) The above illustration was also dubbed as the â€Å"ground zero† of the WTC wherein thousands have been killed including those firemen from the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) who rushed to the scene unprepared. The rubble has sustained numerous deaths when the burning debris collapsed to both rescuers and survivors who were supposed to be evacuated from the ground floors of WTC (NCTAUS, 2001). Placement of emergency management structure The placement of emergency management structure and leveling of preparedness was set since the first terrorist attack in 1993. As a brief background, Claire Rubin (2004) from the Washington University has cited in her study paper that the homeland security and emergency system of the government has established the strategic defense. This was in line with the emergency response to the 1993 terrorist attempt to bomb the World Trade Center when a 1,500-pound bomb was detonated killing 6 people and injuring a thousands. The illustration below shows the potential target of terrorist attacks:

Maine’s Commercial Lobster Industry Essay -- Business Essays

Maine’s Commercial Lobster Industry Summary Scientists predict a major population crash of Maine lobsters in the near future, due to over-harvesting, increasing demand, and a lack of successful regulatory measures reflecting such factors. The attempt to introduce various policy measures creating more limited access to the resource has been largely ineffective due to the unique ecological, economic, and social characteristics of the state. Further complicating the issue is the matter of thriving lobster populations during recent years when other marine wildlife populations are experiencing severe losses along the same region of the eastern seaboard. This paper examines the conflict between lobster fishermen, scientists, and policy makers regarding attempts to work toward a more sustainable lobster fishing industry. Introduction The issue of Maine lobster fishing is an ideal case illustrating the challenge of the "tragedy of the commons", since the lobsters belong to no one until caught. They have been harvested commercially in New England (the "birthplace" of the nation’s fisheries) since the 1800’s. At that time, they "were so plentiful they could be caught by hand or, with less hazard (because the average lobster was so large), with a gaff, a pole with a large hook stuck in the end" (Formisano, 13). Since the early 19th century, the industry adopted more efficient techniques (such as the use of lobster "pots", or traps, and boats that could carry lobsters over longer distances) to capture more lobsters faster. This led to a significant population decline by the late 1800’s, prompting the first lobster regulation (prohibiting the harvesting of egg-bearing females). Lobster populations remained relatively st... ...Globe 4 Mar. 1995: 14 Larabee, John, and Richard Price. "Tide of Troubles has Fish Industry Reeling/ Crisis Caused by Pollution, Development, Over-Fishing." USA Today 10 Mar. 1994: 9A Libby, Sam. "Trying to Save the Lobster Population." The New York Times 23 Jan. 1994: 6 McQuaid, John. "Seafood for Thought." The Times-Picayune 24 Mar. 1996: A38 Nifong, Christina. "Plan for Preserving Lobster Population Stirs Storm in Maine." 5 June 1996: 4 Schneider, Jan. "The Gulf of Maine Case: The Nature of an Equitable Result." American Journal of International Law 79:3 (July 1985): 539-577. U.S. General Accounting Office. Commercial Fisheries: Entry of Fishermen Limits Benefits of Buyback Programs. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2000. Woodard, Colin. "A Run on the Banks: How Factory Fishing Decimated Newfoundland Cod." E Magazine Mar/Apr 2001:

The Influence Of Organisational Culture Versus National Culture Essay

The Influence Of Organisational Culture Versus National Culture Within The Global Group of Companies Author: Table of Contents: Executive Summary  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 3 Company Background  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 4 Research Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 6 Recommendations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 13 References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 15 Appendix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Survey questionnaire attached as a separate document) Executive Summary: Research (1) indicates that national culture has a greater impact on employees than does their organisation’s culture and this report examines both cultures within VOLE Inc. a seventeen month old company with the ambition to establish a worldwide presence within three years. At the moment VOLE is small enough to debate and address these issues but diverse enough with operations across four continents in fourteen countries to already be experiencing the strains of cultural differences, particularly between the Far East where the company has its roots and the recently opened markets of Western Europe and the United States. It will hopefully lead to the formulation of some agreed corporate communication policies as these will become increasingly difficult to put together and implement as global expansion... ...rketing of the VOLE network to individual JV companies, who are also granted financial autonomy and control of their respective P&L functions, the primary drawback of such a structure – the reduction of management control over key parts of the business – must be constantly borne in mind. This weakness can be best tackled from the centre by a continual emphasis on the interdependency of each VOLE JV on each other, a fact well recognised in the survey, but easily forgotten in the day to day business activities of each JV as new successful companies are built from the ground up. Maximum advantage must also be taken of the flexibility such an organisational structure provides and the ability of VOLE companies to provide a network management service simply, quickly and for a far smaller cost than the traditional video conferencing industry must be continually highlighted as the company’s USP. References: (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  N.J. Adler 2002 International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. 4th Ed Ciciinatti, OH: Southwestern pp. 67-69 (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S.P. Robbins 2002. Prentice Hall Self Assessment Library. Pearson Education Company

Engaging the Enemy” by Peter C. Wagner

This book has a number of contributing authors many of them well known for their television evangelism. The main theme of the book is that Satan and demons are real, they can be identified and these demons have the power to control localities. The demons can be controlled by aggressive prayers to take back the localities for God by ‘strategic level spiritual intercession' and ‘power evangelism'. The book urges Christians to use the power of prayer to take over the control of localities from the evil forces.In their enthusiasm the authors, however feel justified to distort the actual message of the Bible. The Bible does not instruct us to create the spiritual warfare ministries. Some of the Television Evangelist who coauthor this book are well known for calling up ‘prayer warriors' in full page advertisement where the evangelist appear in full combat fatigue ready to â€Å"bind† Satan in spiritual warfare. The authors write enthusiastically, preach powerfully and in their desire to influence people to their cause, have little respect for the accuracy of the message they attribute to the Bible.Most of the chapters appear to be unbalanced by the enthusiasm of the writers with the soul purpose of convincing the uninformed. The only chapter with considered arguments and balanced approach appears to be Chapter 18 contributed by Prof. Michael Green. The evangelism preached in the book and by power evangelists is a mixture of mysticism and anti-intellectualism that is closer to the Eastern world view. List strengths of book The power evangelism does leave one with a feeling of enthusiasm for religionList weaknesses of book The main weakness of the book is that in the authors' enthusiasm to identify and overcome some of the evil spirit the authors appear to be willing to distort the Bible and attribute to the Book what it does not say. The schemes and propositions are presented as Biblical doctrines when they are not and â€Å"Bible verses are pulled out of context and forced into a preconceived framework†. Quote sentence or paragraph that best reflects the author’s thesisâ€Å"Pentecostal theologians have made the helpful suggestion of distinguishing the logos word of God from the rhema word of God†¦. The rhema is regarded as a more immediate word from God which we do not find in the 66 books of the Bible† (pp. 15-16) The Reason I chose the above quotation? The quote reflects the theme of the book where the authors feel entitled to twist the message of the Book or even invent their own theology. Bibliography Wagner, C. Peter, Engaging the Enemy, Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 1991, 206 pages.

Interview with My Mom Essay

For this assignment, I decided to interview my mom. Her name is Tracy Michelle Jorgensen, but she goes by Michelle. She is a strong woman who single handily raised two girls. With a heart of gold, she always puts others first. She is generous and would never expect anything in return. And although I may be biased, she is the best mom I could possibly ever imagine. As wonderful as she may be, seldom does she ever go into detail about her past, mostly because she is a very private person. So given this opportunity, I can now better understand what has made my mom the person she is today. Before I conducted the essay†¦. Born on July 21, 1954 in Canada, my mother grew up in a small house with seven brothers and sisters. After her parents divorced, she barely spent time with her mother, as she always had to work to support the family. The hardest part about childhood was â€Å"feeling lost in the shuffle† my mom said. â€Å"I felt invisible, and I was blamed for everything†. When my mom started school, she met her friend Lisa. My mom described to me the time they got in trouble. â€Å"The only time I’ve ever stole anything was with her,† she said. â€Å"The cops found us stealing quarters from the newspaper boxes† and â€Å"I was mostly scared that my mom would find out.† Once my mom was old enough to leave the house, she moved in with her boyfriend and started to work for him. At the age of 23 she was expecting her first child. Things became rough in the relationship, as her boyfriend was being unfaithful to her. They moved to Florida in search of better job opportunities, when all of sudden, baby number two was on the way. Even with her doubts, my mom found it best to get married. â€Å"That was my biggest regret,† said my mom. â€Å"Having my two daughters were the best blessings, but actually marrying your dad is my only regret in life.† After splitting with my dad, my mom became determined to create a good life for us. She became part of the neighborhood church where she met Father Brian. He was the most impactful person in her life, because he fully believed in my mom. â€Å"When I felt like I couldn’t do it, he had this way of making everything okay† she said, â€Å"and making me feel stronger.† For my mom, his support was the kindest thing anyone had done for her, and because of it, it encouraged her to not let anything hold her back. Growing  up, we were a huge s occer family. My sister and I would eat, sleep, and breathe soccer. â€Å"It was my most favorite past time to watch my girls play,† my mom said. She would love nothing more than to be back on the sidelines hollering and cheering us on. Being an avid soccer fan, it’s my mom’s favorite sport to watch. I once made the mistake of taking her out in public to watch a World Cup match, as her tendencies to scream and holler follow her everywhere she goes. Even though it’s a past time for her, she relishes in the fact that she will one day watch her grand children play. 4 years ago, my mom found out she was going to be a grand mother. At first she freaked because she felt like she was too young to have that title. She said, â€Å"It made me feel like I instantly aged 10 years†. However, it brought out a new sense of fulfillment for her as she stated, â€Å"in 20 years I would love nothing more than to be a soccer grandma, cheering on my grand kids!† My mom then br iefly told me how her dream has always been to travel Europe. Her face instantly brightened, and she began to almost overflow with excitement about how her first trip to Europe would be like. She said enthusiastically, â€Å"If someone could give me a gift of anything, it would be a trip to travel Europe†. She even mentioned in one of her three wishes that she would fly on a magic carpet and travel around Europe. I sort of chuckled at the thought of that idea, but soon realized her unique and kid-like imagination is what keeps her dream more thrilling. It puts life into perspective for me to see how my mom overcame her struggles growing up. She made mistakes, but always got up, brushed her shoulders off and kept moving. When I asked her what made her unique, she briefly paused, then said â€Å"Conviction.† â€Å"If you let your stress, and tough situations weigh you down, you can’t move past it, and you will miss out on the great things that lie ahead.† Her conviction has been her guiding light in life. That answer really hit home for me, and encouraged me to push through any hard times I face. I learned a lot about my mom in this interview, it was refreshing to see her goofy side, and it was humbling to see how she overcame her struggles. If anything has changed, its that my love for her has grown.

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hemingway’s story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† appears on the surface as a brief and unremarkable vignette written almost all in dialogue, with minimal action and an unclear final resolution, the story is actually a â€Å"watershed† of narrative invention and a radical shift from Hemingway’s usual perspective, as it is most often defined by readers and critics. As Alan Cheuse remarks in his essay â€Å"†Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å"American writers, â€Å"possess an acute ability to create skeins of seemingly natural language that make up a world out of human speech† (Cheuse) and also represent a special gift for create entire worlds through dialogue, as is readily manifest in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Hemingway’s style of natural language is an elementary base of his technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Another narrative strategy is that he strips away the expository writing or the direct information to the reader which would help the reader to place the action of the story in context. Rather than weigh down the narrative, Hemingway leaves his story lean and bare, primarily relying on conflict-charged dialogue between the story’s two main characters. By refusing to included background information or even internal monologue on behalf of the two characters, Hemingway â€Å"leaves virtually everything, even what is at issue between the girl and the American, for the reader to â€Å"figure† out,† and this strategy includes the story’s final resolution: whether or not the girl in story opts to have the couple’s child or whether she chooses as is the man’s desire, to have an abortion. The lack of final resolution is notable enough that even critics are left to their own devices to decide what happens to finish the story and conclude the conflict between the two characters. As one scholar commented, â€Å"the ending has seemed stubbornly indeterminate† (Renner); however, the same critic, Renner, has forwarded a compelling theory as to how the resolution of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be deduced from a careful study of its narrative form, imagery, and symbolism, The conflict in the title: the burden of something unwanted — a â€Å"white elephant† — merged with the symbol of hills suggesting rich fertility extends throughout the story, forms its basic theme, and functions as an axis on which the changing attitudes and evolving conflict between the characters spins. In order to integrate the various levels of narrative along Renner’s theoretical lines in order to find the story’s true resolution, the piece must be examined from a formal perspective with due note given to its imagery and symbolism a well as the nuances contained in the story’s plentiful dialogue, (Renner) which leaves the reader able to deduce that the man in the story has indeed been sensitive to the woman’s situation. According to Renner, the story takes place in four distinct â€Å"movements† and these movements are the key components to understanding the resolution of the story. Renner’s distinction of the four movements follows an ascending structure of character development and character conflict: â€Å"In the first movement we are shown the stereotypical passive female, not even knowing her own mind, accustomed to following a masterful male for her direction in life,† the next movement illustrates the girl’s character development toward â€Å"a dramatic realization of her own mind-her own welfare, dreams, and values;† by the third movement, the girl begins to assert herself, and by the fourth and final movement, â€Å"we see the result of her development toward self-realization† which Renner insists reveals, also, the actual conclusion of the story, (Renner). To extrapolate a probable resolution for the conflict in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† it becomes necessary to examine the conflict which lies under the overt abortion-question of the story. If the story is, indeed, about the â€Å"capitulation† of the girl, then her refusal to capitulate is evident form the action of the story. When the girl says â€Å"Would you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ her victory is indicated. The abortion will not be performed and the realization of her independence form the man has been attained. In this way, Hemingway’s story reveals a feminine point of view and a feminine dominance which is usually not associated with his fiction (Renner). Works Cited Cheuse, Alan. â€Å"Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å". † The Antioch Review Spring 2005: 222+. Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Renner, Stanley. â€Å"Moving to the Girl’s Side of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants. â€Å". † The Hemingway Review 15. 1 (1995): 27+.

Role of a director in a play Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of a director in a play - Assignment Example Its 1971 adaptation to television earned the play’s director Fielder Cook an Emmy award for an Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama for a Single Program. Due to these directing successes, The price is a perfect illustration of a director’s role in any production. Rush and Lowe (70) assert that directors are responsible for major decision making, oversight, crew control, text interpretation and play blocking in a production. The director is responsible for all ideas and concepts employed in a production. Therefore, for a success of any single play, relies on the ideas of the director. To discharge this duty, the modern director is expected to develop an overriding theme or main message to pass across to an audience specific to each production or revival, choose a period on which to stage a play in time, determine the theatre space requirements (71), control set design (72), look for the right cast, block or stage the play (73), determine character relationships and lastly, create effects for the audience (74). Director Gary Hynes successfully brings out The Price’s original aim of exploring family relationship, in particularly sibling strife through the two Franz brothers confrontation. Grosbard’s successful direction of the moral standoff between the two brothers (Playbill.com) echoes Gary Hynes later production at the Mark Taper Forum in this regard. McNulty (5) observes that though the play is old fashioned, both directors set it in an attic of a Manhattan brownstone, a quite fitting analogy to the theme of the play. Choosing a theatre for this play is not a difficult task as it does not require much in terms of space, but the design has to reflect a long neglected house and locked away furniture. McNulty’s (5) review critiques Hynes’ set for resembling the â€Å"warehouse of a pricey antique shop†, but credits the director with successful choice of theatre. With regard to casting, the price prior castings have been

Personal progress review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal progress review - Essay Example In this case, goals and objectives remain constant despite fluctuations in priorities. The course objectives given by the lecturers at the beginning of every course were also instrumental in measuring my progress and current position. The main objective of enrolling in UEL business school was the need of been above the bottom line (UEL, 2000). However, it is evident that academic performance is not the only, measure of personal progress for any student in any learning institution. This essay will therefore analyze my personal progress based on the first semester results and future expectations. Current Position The current position is instrumental in establishing the future progress and measuring my past performances. From a general perspective, it is evident that I am in a fair position in both academic and extracurricular activities. However, these performances do not comply with UEL School of Business maxim of been above the bottom line or been above average. In addition having a fair performance indicates lack of consistence of performance in different courses. This requires specialized analysis of performance at each of the key areas. In addition to the final exams, I have done several assignments as part of the school’s continuous assessment program. Random assessment tests given by various lectures are also instrumental in establishing my assessment. ... My best performance for the first semester was in Marketing Principles & Practice course, where I achieved grade A. My final examinations in all core units had a direct correlation with the grades that I had achieved in respective continuous assessment tests taken within the semesters. In the first semester, I had not taken any optional unit since I was having a computer class that took considerable amount of time. In addition to the academic life and prospects, social life is of equal concern particularly for a business student. During the first semester, I lived outside the campus, in a university-owned apartment that was preferred by most foreign students. Living with oversees students was very instrumental for my social life and future career. However, during the first semester I never realized the significance of been close to students from different countries. The apartments provided accommodation to students from various countries such as German, France, US, and Yemen. During the first semester I focused on my extra class without considering the opportunity of been close to international students. For instance, I did not learn even a single German word from my colleagues of German origin or learn how to construct a single sentence in the French language. I therefore consider this as a lost opportunity. Analysis on Expectations When I attended my first Introduction to Economics class, I purposed to get a grade A in the course due to its content and significance to my business course. In addition, I viewed the course outline as familiar since we had covered most of its components in our introduction to business course. The lecturer of this course was also determined to have every

Nozick is right and Rawls is wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nozick is right and Rawls is wrong - Essay Example The main agenda of the justice principle is to enhance fairness to society associated by conducts of injustices. The theory of economic injustice explains about the need to mitigate scarcity and altruistic desires affecting communities instead referring to fair choices that repel about societal ignorance by enhancing communal corporation and sorting to alternatives that can easily liberate from vices such as utilitarianism1. Despite Rawls’ theory of justice remaining popular for centuries, Nozick who drew a publication has brought similar claims that narrow to reconstruct societal injustices by emphasizing that status ultimately brings about bonding in social life. Nozick argues that Rawls theory was an intrinsic attempt to harmonize the situation of fairness amongst individuals who are constrained by factors of economic capitalism2. According to Nozick’s theory, he supports Rawls’ claim that injustice is mainly enhanced by difference in hierarchies where people who are rank least in the system withstand the worst of Marxist capitalism. While letting their argument to a similar perception, both Robert and Rawls have given clarification concerning societal injustices. Despite the fact that the two philosopher followed different directions while trying to clarify about the meaning of injustices, both arguably agreed that justice is a system where individuals should deliver performances on exactly what they are expected to tackle definite issues. Without indulging comprehensively into other sections of injustice system, Rawls clarifies injustice as a state of unfairness that is mainly attributed to when members of the society deviates from issues that necessitate rightful governing principles. However to achieve justice, the two philosophers have suggested that governing a society can be made better if the social, societal system is incorporated in the governmental structures3. Nozick’s theory though from distinct origin

EU ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU ECONOMY - Essay Example nnovative technologies, improving the access to enterprise development capital and focusing on economic reforms that will ensure high economic growth, employment creation and innovation. The member states must commit to reduction of their budget debts, invest in new technologies, diversify their economies, invest in innovative research and stimulate the growth of new enterprises in order for the economic region to remain competitive. In the past five years, member states of the EU monetary block has witnessed harsh economic environment characterised by imminent outright sovereign debt defaults, financial contagion, increase in unemployment, decline in overall economic growth and mistrust among the member states. The EU economy policies must ensure high economic growth, high innovation and improved resilience of markets to external economic shocks in order to attain global competitiveness and ensure high direct investments in the region (Finke 2012). On the other hand, emerging global competitors such as China have export-growth initiatives that improve the competitiveness of their products in the global markets (Finke 2012). China enjoys absolute advantage in manufacture of many products due to availability of highly qualified cheap labor, nearness to the source of raw materials and superior manufacturing technologies. China’s trade and services account for more than 65 percent of the GDP and has maintained a consistent annual increase of GDP over the last ten years. The policy paper is addressed to the European Commissioner and aims at highlighting how EU competitiveness in the global markets is declining due to emergence of global competitors like China and offers several alternative policy measures that should be implemented in order to counter the growing threat. The EU economy is undergoing a turbulent period since its formation since many member states are struggling to recover from the adverse impacts of recent global economic recession and financial

Voices of Youth Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Voices of Youth Violence - Essay Example The youth are a very vulnerable group in the society and should always be handled with care. Not that they are delicate but they are an easy target when it comes to danger. The rules of engagement for a changed society that is ready to adopt t new way of doings things should be founded on honesty and respect as suggested by therapist Pipher. Understanding the rules of engagement, such as tone in arguments of the youth, would be much easier to solve their issues and come up with a more organized society when it comes to decision making processes. The youth deserve respect, and need to be heard when airing their voices about violence or for how long shall they cry go unanswered? Their decision making process is compromised and any attack which will be launched on them despite of type will for sure compromise their activities. The Dalai Lama posits that â€Å"The purpose of life is to be happy and to make others happy. From a keen perspective, these words and more so Harvey’s statement from his book do carry a natural and much more attention to the platitudes of politicians that motivates one to realize that such cases which lead to the death of young people in the society are generated and instigated by a certain group of people which in one way or the other, leave an indelible mark on people’s psyche.

Theories Of Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Theories Of Delinquency Essay Deviant behavior is behavior that is a recognized violation of social norms. Formal and informal social controls attempt to prevent and minimize deviance. One such control is through the medicalization of deviance. Acting upon certain discriminatory facts or problems. It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant. Crime, the violation of formally enacted law, is formal deviance while an informal social violation such as picking ones nose is an example of informal deviance. It also means not doing what the majority does or alternatively doing what the majority does not do. For instance, behaviors caused by cultural difference can be seen as deviance. It does not necessarily mean criminal behavior. An example of a group considered deviant in the modern United States is the Ku Klux Klan. Milder examples include punks and goths. I have chosen two sociological theories namely differential association and conflict theory.   On the other hand I also chose psychoanalytic theory and learning theory under psychological theories. Sociological Theories Differential association Also known as Social Learning Theory, it explains deviance as a learned behavior. The most important variables in this theory are the age of the learner of deviance, the quality of contact between the learner and the deviant role model, and the relationship between the learner and the deviant model. It does a great job of explaining how children grow up to become law-breakers or juvenile offenders, but it suffers from a paradox. If all deviance is learned from a teacher, and the teacher learned from their teacher, how did the first teachers learn to be deviant? In criminology, Differential Association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. The Differential Association Theory is the most talked about of the Interactionist theory of deviance. This theory focuses on how individuals learn how to become criminals, but does not concern itself with why they become criminals. They learn how to commit criminal acts; they learn motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. It grows socially easier for the individuals to commit a crime. Their inspiration is the processes of cultural transmission and construction. Sutherland had developed the idea of the self as a social construct, like when a persons self-image is continuously being reconstructed especially when interacting with other people. This theory stated that an individual commits deviant acts because of his motives, interests, drives and even attitudes.   Now let me apply this theory to the three deviant acts. Breaking and entering a home is an example of this. The individual will do such act if there is motive, for example getting valuable things in order to get his goal. His goal is maybe revenge or just plain theft. Another deviant behavior is carjacking, if the individual’s goal is to use that particular act in unlawful acts. An individual will do such act for self satisfaction. If an individual grew up in a community wherein deviant behavior can be seen all over he might commit the same deviant acts such as shoplifting. For example, if only this ct will supply all the needs of the individual. Conflict theory Conflict theorists generally see deviance as a result of conflict between individuals and groups. The theoretical orientation contributes to labeling theory in that it explains that those with power create norms and label deviants. Deviant behavior is actions that do not go along with the socially prescribed worldview of the powerful, and is often a result of the present social structure preventing the minority group access to scarce resources. Since it explains deviance as a reaction due to conflict between groups and individuals due to scarce resources, it does a great job of explaining deviance by poor citizens, etc. However, it does not do such an excellent job in explaining white-collar crime. This theory also states that the powerful define crime. This begs the question, whom is this theory functional to? In this theory, laws are instruments of oppression. In other words, tough on the powerless and less tough on the powerful. In sociology, conflict theory states that the society or organization functions so that each individual participant and its groups struggle to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change such as changes in politics and revolutions. The theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes, proletarian versus bourgeoisie; and in ideologies such as capitalism versus socialism. The theory attempts to refute functionalism, which considers that societies and organization function so that each individual and group plays a specific role, like organs in the body. There are radical basic assumptions (society is eternally in conflict, which might explain social change), or moderate ones (custom and conflict are always mixed). The moderate version allows for functionalism to operate as an equally acceptable theory since it would accept that even negative social institutions play a part in societys self-perpetuation. In understanding conflict theory, social class competition plays a key part. The following are four primary assumptions of modern conflict theory: Competition. Competition over scarce resources (money, leisure, sexual partners, and so on) is at the heart of all social relationships. Competition rather than consensus is characteristic of human relationships. Structural inequality. Inequalities in power and reward are built into all social structures. Individuals and groups that benefit from any particular structure strive to see it maintained. Revolution. Change occurs as a result of conflict between social class competing interests rather than through adaptation. It is often abrupt and revolutionary rather than evolutionary. War. Even war is a unifier of the societies involved, as well as war may set an end to whole societies. Conflict theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes, proletarian versus bourgeoisie; and in ideologies such as capitalism versus socialism.   Let me take the four primary assumptions of modern conflict theory in applying this theory to the three deviant acts. Competition The individual might indulge in shoplifting if the resources are not well distributed to the society, or if there is scarcity. Breaking and entering a home also occurs because of the existence of conflict between social classes. The lower class may do this act for him to get things that he cannot buy. Structural inequality Carjacking may exist because of this. Inequalities in power and wealth are one reason why people do such act.   Before a car is just leisure but times goes by, it becomes a need to people.   Cars nowadays have become a status symbol.   Some people indulge into this act in order to supplement other deviant act like kidnapping and others. Psychological Theories Psychological theories of crime begin with the view that individual differences in behavior may make some people more predisposed to committing criminal acts. These differences may arise from personality characteristics, biological factors, or social interactions. Psychoanalytic Theory According to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who is credited with the development of psychoanalytic theory, all humans have natural drives and urges repressed in the unconscious. Furthermore, all humans have criminal tendencies. Through the process of socialization, however, these tendencies are curbed by the development of inner controls that are learned through childhood experience. Freud hypothesized that the most common element that contributed to criminal behavior was faulty identification by a child with her or his parents. The improperly socialized child may develop a personality disturbance that causes her or him to direct antisocial impulses inward or outward. The child who directs them outward becomes a criminal, and the child that directs them inward becomes a neurotic. Let us now take a look at sociological theories.   The first one is psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud contented that all humans have criminal tendencies.   These tendencies may become reality because of different instances. Let me now apply this theory to the three deviant acts. Breaking and entering a home may depend on the family orientation. If the child is aware that it is the job of his father, sooner or later the child may also do the same act. It is mentioned that Freud saw all human behavior as motivated by the drives or instincts, which in turn are the neurological representations of physical needs. At first, he referred to them as the life instincts. These instincts perpetuate the life of the individual, by motivating him or her to seek food and water. If the individual is jobless and doesn’t have the money to buy food, the individual may shoplift in order to overcome hunger. He also mentioned that the unconscious is the source of our motivations. An individual may get involve into carjacking because of his friends but unconsciously, he has the inner desire to drive new and expensive cars. Learning Theory Learning theory is based upon the principles of behavioral psychology. Behavioral psychology posits that a persons behavior is learned and maintained by its consequences, or reward value. These consequences may be external reinforcement that occurs as a direct result of their behavior (e.g. money, social status, and goods), vicarious reinforcement that occurs by observing the behavior of others (e.g. observing others who are being reinforced as a result of their behavior), and self-regulatory mechanisms (e.g. people responding to their behavior). According to learning theorists, deviant behavior can be eliminated or modified by taking away the reward value of the behavior. Hans J. Eysenck, a psychologist that related principles of behavioral psychology to biology, postulated that by way of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling people learn moral preferences. Classical conditioning refers to the learning process that occurs as a result of pairing a reliable stimulus with a response. Eysenck believes, for example, that over time a child who is consistently punished for inappropriate behavior will develop an unpleasant physiological and emotional response whenever they consider committing the inappropriate behavior. The anxiety and guilt that arise from this conditioning process result in the development of a conscience. He hypothesizes, however, that there is wide variability among people in their physiological processes, which either increase or decrease their susceptibility to conditioning and adequate socialization. The second one is the learning theory. Let us apply this theory to the following deviant acts. A shoplifter do such acts because in the end he is being rewarded, he may eat the food he shoplifted or even sell materials he got from the store. By means of this he is also earning money. Another deviant act is breaking and entering a home because the individual has observed the same acts from his peers. Behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior; in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance. Learning may or may not result in a behavior change. A good example of this carjacking, the individual may learn how these acts do by merely observing and eventually he may do it and be rewarded by this act. References:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deviant Behavior. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November 17,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006 from Wikipedia.com:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviant_behavior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociology of deviance. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_deviance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Differential Association. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conflict Theory. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theory   Ã‚  Ã‚     Flowe, Heather. Psychological Theories of Crime. (1996). Retrieved November 17, 2006   Ã‚     Ã‚  http://psy.ucsd.edu/~hflowe/psych.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚     Boeree, C. George. Sigmund Freud (1997). Retrieved November 19, 2006.   Ã‚     Ã‚  http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/freud.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social Learning Theory. Retrieved November 19, 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/Social.html